Testing Interview Questions & Answers-Series1 May 12, 2008
Posted by kiranjoglekar in : General Interview Questions, Manual Testing Interview Questions , add a comment1) _________ categories of data will be collected during testing.
ANSWER : Four
2) _______ is normally a reverse of the test development process.
In other words, it begins at the very lowest level and the results
are rolled up to the highest levels.
ANSWER : Conducting testing
3) Which one is called as most common test report ?
ANSWER : Spreadsheet
4) Verification that the process deliverables/ phases are
meeting the user’s true needs is called as ______.
ANSWER : Reviews
5) _____________ the reporting process is very important
because software tools are being upgraded, and manual
supporting activities sometimes break down.
ANSWER : Monitoring
6) _______________ report provides information related to
a specific project component.
ANSWER : Major Project Status Report
7)Real-time applications add a new and potentially difficult
element to the testing mix is _____.
ANSWER : time
The Project Status Report contains the project activities
information and give a history of the project over a 16-
month period. (True/False)
ANSWER : True
9) The test reports are for use by the testers, the test manager,
and the software development team.(True/False)
ANSWER : True
10) _________ is a risk-oriented activity in which resources
should be expended to minimize the major risks.
ANSWER : Testing
Testing Interview Questions & Answers-Series3 May 12, 2008
Posted by kiranjoglekar in : General Interview Questions, Manual Testing Interview Questions , add a comment21) The software tester may or may not be involved in the actual
acceptance testing. (True/False)
ANSWER : True
22)In the client systems, testing should focus on performance
and compatibility. (True/False)
ANSWER : False
23)A database access applications typically consists of
elements except __________.
ANSWER : Data Driven code
24)Wireless technologies represent a rapidly emerging area of
growth and importance for providing ever-present access to
the internet and email.(True/False)
ANSWER : True
25)Acceptance testing involves procedures for identifying
acceptance criteria for interim life cycle products and
for accepting them. (True/False)
ANSWER : True
26)Acceptance testing is designed whether or not the software
is “fit” for the user to use. The concept of “fit” is important
in both design and testing. There are four components of
“fit”. (True/False)
ANSWER : True
27)Acceptance testing occurs only at the end point of the
development process; it should be an ongoing activity that
test both interim and final products. (True/False)
ANSWER : False
28)Acceptance requirement that a system must meet can be
divided into ________ categories.
ANSWER : Four
29) _______ categories of testing techniques can be used in
acceptance testing.
ANSWER : Two
30) _____________ define the objectives of the acceptance
activities and a plan for meeting them.
ANSWER : Acceptance Manager
Testing Interview Questions & Answers-Series4 May 12, 2008
Posted by kiranjoglekar in : General Interview Questions, Manual Testing Interview Questions , add a comment31)Software Acceptance testing is the last opportunity for the
user to examine the software for functional, interface,
performance, and quality features prior to the final
acceptance review.(True/False)
ANSWER : True
32)With thorough testing it is possible to remove all defects
from a program prior to delivery to the customer. (True/False)
ANSWER : False
33)________ is characteristics of testable software.
ANSWER : observability
34)The testing technique that requires devising test cases to
demonstrate that each program function is operational is
called _______.
ANSWER : black-box testing
35)The testing technique that requires devising test cases to
exercise the internal logic of a software module is called _____.
ANSWER : white-box testing
36)________ are missed by black-box testing and can be
uncovered by white-box testing.
ANSWER : logic & typographical errors
37)Program flow graphs are identical to program flowcharts.
(True/False)
ANSWER : False
38)The cyclomatic complexity metric provides the designer
with information regarding the number of ___________.
ANSWER : independent logic paths in the program
39)The cyclomatic complexity of a program can be computed
directly from a PDL representation of an algorithm without
drawing a program flow graph. (True/False)
ANSWER : True
40)Condition testing is a control structure testing technique
where the criteria used to design test cases is that they
__________.
ANSWER : exercise the logical conditions in a program module
Testing Interview Questions & Answers-Series5 May 12, 2008
Posted by kiranjoglekar in : General Interview Questions, Manual Testing Interview Questions , add a comment41)Data flow testing is a control structure testing technique
where the criteria used to design test cases is that they______.
ANSWER : select test paths based on the locations and uses of variables
42)Loop testing is a control structure testing technique where
the criteria used to design test cases is that they ________.
ANSWER : focus on testing the validity of loop constructs
43)Black-box testing attempts to find errors in which of the
________ functions.
ANSWER : incorrect or missing
44)Graph-based testing methods can only be used for object
-oriented systems. (True/False)
ANSWER : False
45)Equivalence testing divides the input domain into classes of
data from which test cases can be derived to reduce the total
number of test cases that must be developed. (True/False)
ANSWER : True
46)Boundary value analysis can only be used to do white-box
testing. (True/False)
ANSWER : False
47)Comparison testing is typically done to test two competing
products as part of customer market analysis prior to product
release. (True/False)
ANSWER : False
48)Orthogonal array testing enables the test designer to
maximize the coverage of the test cases devised for
relatively small input domains. (True/False)
ANSWER : True
49)Test case design “in the small” for OO software is driven by
the algorithmic detail of the individual operations. (True/False)
ANSWER : True
50)Encapsulation of attributes and operations inside objects
makes it easy to obtain object state information during
testing. (True/False)
ANSWER : False
Testing Interview Questions & Answers-Series6 May 12, 2008
Posted by kiranjoglekar in : General Interview Questions, Manual Testing Interview Questions , add a comment51)Use-cases can provide useful input into the design of
black-box and state-based tests of OO software. (True/False)
ANSWER : True
52)Fault-based testing is best reserved for ________.
ANSWER : operations and classes that are critical or suspect
53)Testing OO class operations is made more difficult by ______.
ANSWER : inheritance & polymorphism
54)Scenario-based testing _________.
ANSWER : concentrates on actor and software interaction
55)Deep structure testing is not designed to ________.
ANSWER : exercise structure observable by the user
56)Random order tests are conducted to exercise different class
instance life histories. (True/False)
ANSWER : True
57)Which of these techniques is not useful for partition testing
at the class level _________.
ANSWER : equivalence class partitioning
58)Multiple class testing is too complex to be tested using
random test cases. (True/False)
ANSWER : False
59)Tests derived from behavioral class models should be based
on the _________.
ANSWER : state diagram
60)Client/server architectures cannot be properly tested
because network load is highly variable. (True/False)
ANSWER : False
Testing Interview Questions & Answers-Series1 May 11, 2008
Posted by kiranjoglekar in : General Interview Questions, Manual Testing Interview Questions , add a comment1) Define reliability?
Reliability tells how reliable the software is? For how much time it
will be available under working environment, how much time it will take
to recover from crashes, how safe the data is etc.
2) What is Bug Tracking Process, Reporting, Re-testing
and Debugging?
First step: Bug finding
Second Step: Bug Reporting
Third Step: Bug De-bugging (fixing)
Fourth Step: Re verification of the reported bug (Regression)
This is the process of Bug cycle.
3) What is Scalability Testing? Which tool is used?
Scalability Testing: Is the one to test whether the application is
handling the expected load as per customer requirements or not…
We can use these tools Load Runner; Win runner, Astray, Rational
Robot for scalability testing.
4) What is the difference between an exception and an error?
Exception: Exception as the name suggests anything that is unusal.
For e.g. if I try to delete a file which doesn’t exist then it is an exception.
Error: Error is caused if something is wrong with the program.
For e.g. a syntax error, logical error or runtime error.
5) What is the difference between bug and defect?
Any mistake in the program is error
And this error was found by tester during testing it becomes defect
And this reported defect was fixed by developer to resolve then
defect becomes bug.
6) What is Traceability Matrix? Is there any interchangeable term
for Traceability Matrix? Are Traceability Matrix and Test Matrix
same or Different?
Traceability matrix is nothing but tracing the id’s right from the
Requirement spec id till defect id such as tracking the specified
defect if for that specified requirement id.
OR
Traceability Matrix is the correct term. This is a document which
traces the requirements to its corresponding test case. Traceability
matrix can be made more elaborate by tracing the requirements to the
design to the code to the test cases. In this way we can come to know
which requirement change will affect which part of the design and
which part of the code and the test case. Usually this is an excel sheet.
7) What is difference between test plan and use case?
Test plan: It contains introduction to the Client Company,scope,
overview of the application, test strategy, schedule, roles and
responsibilities, deliverables and milestones.
Use Case: It is nothing but user action and system response. It
contains the flows typical flow, alternate flow and exceptional flow.
Apart from these it also has a pre condition and post condition.
What is Red Box Testing? What is Yellow Box Testing? What
is Grey Box Testing?
Grey box testing is a combination of black and white box testing,
where tester will test both the build and the internal code with
some knowledge and understanding over it.
I have read in one website that, Checking Warning messages-Yellow
box testing Checking Error messages–Red box testing. I am not sure
why they are called yellow box and red box testing. But I think this
warning messages and error messages are the part of application/system
in black box environment. If some parts of error messages and warning
messages are not covered in black box, I am sure they can be covered
either in white box or grey box testing.
I am assuming that, if we check only for error messages than it is
called as red box testing. Red resembles danger and unexpected error
message is also danger to application or product. In the same way
assume for yellow box testing also.
9) What is log sheet? And what are the components in it?
A log sheet can be called as Defect Tracking Format, Bug Reporting
Format.
They components in that are.
Defect Id.
Description.
Build version Id.
Feature.
Test case.
Severity.
Priority.
Producible->YES/No
If yes->attach in Test procedure.
IF No-> attach Test procedure and snapshot.
Detected by.
Detected on.
Assigned To.
Suggested fix-> It is optional
10)What is mean Test Environment? What is meant by DB
installing and configuring and deploying skills?
Test Environment: It is nothing but Software, Hardware components to
execute our tests smoothly.
DB installing is nothing but installing DB on server/System.
Configuring here refers to giving access (connectivity) to user.
Deploying: It means installing the software on the server; as such it
will be available to all.
Testing Interview Questions & Answers-Series2 May 11, 2008
Posted by kiranjoglekar in : General Interview Questions, Manual Testing Interview Questions , add a comment11)What is the difference between test techniques and test
methodology?
Testing techniques is a way testing technique (security testing,
functional testing etc) to be applied on project and and it will
inform to testers by test lead.
Test methodology or test strategy is a document prepared by Test
Manager and it contains an approach to be followed by testing team
during testing (egg: test factors, scope, use of testing tools for
the project etc)
12)What is difference between a Test Plan, a Test Strategy, a Test
Scenario, and a Test Case? What’s their order of succession
in the STLC?
Test Plan: Test plan is a Document, developed by the Test Lead,
which contains ”What to Test”, ” How to Test”, ”When to Test”,
“Who to Test”.
Test Strategy: Test Strategy is a Document, developed by the Project
manager, which contains what type of technique to follow and which
module to test.
Test Scenario: A name given to Test Cases is called Test Scenario.
This Test Scenario was deal byte Test Engineer.
Test Cases: It is also document audit specifies a Testable condition
to validate functionality. These Test Cases are deal by the Test
Engineer
Order of STLC:
Test Strategy, Test Plan, Test Scenario, Test Cases.
13)What is Multi Unit Testing?
To the test different modules and combine together as component or
module is called as multi unit testing.
14)What is the difference between a defect and an enhancement?
Defect: It is found by the test engineer while test an application of
the window.
Enchancement: It is soft copy of the application send to the tester
by the developer for the defect solve on particular module.
15)What is the difference between end to end testing?
End to End testing: To test scale a complete application in a
situation that minics real word use, such as interacting with a
data base, using network communication, or,interacting with other
hardware, application, or system.
System testing: Is process of attempting to demonstrate that program
it done meet original requirements and objects as stated in the
requirement specification. It is done by the test group before release
product to the customer.
16)What is the difference between walkthrough and inspection?
Walk through: A walk through is an informal meeting for evaluation.
Little or no preparation is usually required.
Inspection: An inspection is more formalized than a walk through
typically with 3-8 people including a moderator, reader, and a
recorder to takes notes.
17)What is the difference between system testing and
end-to-end testing?
System testing: System testing is the process of attempting to
demonstrate that a program. Is performed by a testing group before
the product is made available to customers. It can begin after unit
and Integration testing.
End to end testing: end to end testing is mainly functionality testing,
to check whether all the components are involved properly to perform a
complete transaction.
18)What is the difference between test strategy and test
scenario?
Test strategy: Testing approach to be followed by the testing team.
Test Scenario: Testing engineers selected reasonable the test case
to reviewed for completeness and correctness. In this review meeting
Test lead or project manager will be involved according the
organization.
19)What is the difference between cmm level 5 companies and
cmmi?
CMM: Developed by the SEI. It’s a model of 5 levels of organizational
‘maturity’ that determine effectiveness in delivering quality software.
The model identifies five levels of process maturity for an
organization:
1. Initial (chaotic, ad hoc, heroic) the starting point for use of a
new process.
2. Repeatable (project management, process discipline) the process is
used repeatedly.
3. Defined (institutionalized) the process is defined/confirmed as a
standard business process.
4. Managed (quantified) process management and measurement takes
place.
5. Optimizing (process improvement) process management includes
deliberate process optimization/improvement.
Within each of these maturity levels are KPAs (Key Process Areas) which
characterize that level, and for each KPA there are five definitions
identified:
1. Goals
2. Commitment
3. Ability
4. Measurement
5. Verification
20)What is difference between QA, QC and testing?
QA - Giving guarantee to the client how much quality the product
QC - Get controlling each and every phase of product or software
Testing - Operations involved whether an application is able
to meet client requirements or not.
Testing Interview Questions & Answers-Series3 May 11, 2008
Posted by kiranjoglekar in : General Interview Questions, Manual Testing Interview Questions , add a comment21)What is test bed?
Test bed is the environment, where the testing is supposed to be done.
Setting up the hardware and software requirements before starting
testing is known as tested.
22)What is the difference b/w template and document?
Template: Template will define the Structure/Format
Document: Filled Template with the proper Information
23)What is configuration management?
Configuration management is the system you use to track multiple
developments builds of the software so that confusion is avoided.
Revision control, Change Control, and Release Control are important
aspects of Configuration Management.
24)what is mean by manual testing and how it is done?
Manual Testing is validating the software, functioning as per the
requirement. This can be done only by understanding the requirement
clearly. Giving input to the software manually and verifying the
output.
25)What is deferred in defect life cycle?
New defect
>>open by T.L. /P.M.
>>If deferred >>
No>> fixed by developers >> retesting >> closed
Yes >> postponed for next version.
26)What is verification & validation?
Verification:
*Before validation we have to do verification.
*comparing the customer document and our document to check whether
it’s correct or not.
*It won’t talk about the functionality of the screen.
*whether the screen is designed to the customer requirement or not.
Validation:
*Running the application and test the application
*Testing the s/w functionality whether it is working or not.
*whether the s/w is supporting the customer requirement or not.
27)What is test phase?
Test Phases are
Test Plan
Test Design
Test execution
Defect Tracking
&
Test Report
28)What is difference between web application and client server
application?
Web application:
*In this we don’t have much control over the application.
*Application is loaded on the server whose location is May Or may not
be known and no exe is installed in client Machine. You have to test
different browsers.
*Web applications are supposed to be test on different Browser and OS
platforms.
*web application is mainly tested for browser Compatability, OS
compatability, error handling, static Pages, backend testing and
load testing.
Client-server application:
*in this we have to test different components
*Application is loaded on server while the application exe On every
client server.
*we have to test broadly categories like GUI testing on Sodes,
functionality, load, client-server Interaction,back end
*this environment is mainly used on intranet network.
*we are aware of no of clients and servers and their Location in the
test scenarios.
29)When you carry on test design?
When Screen shots are ready we can write
RTM
Based on RTM we can write the Test Cases
OR
We can design the Test Cases.
30)What is Traceability Matrix? What is there in that and what
will you do with that?
Traceability matrix is the mapping between the requirements and Test
cases.
Traceability matrix contains Requirement id, Test cases ids and number
of test cases passed and failed.
Test Lead will prepare this Traceability matrix. With the help of
Traceability matrix we know whether the test cases are completed or not
Traceability Matrix Useful in following real-time situation
1. Decide the number of test cases is enough to test given module.
2. To Review the test cases
Traceability Matrix is a guiding and valuable document for testing.
Testing Interview Questions & Answers-Series4 May 11, 2008
Posted by kiranjoglekar in : General Interview Questions, Manual Testing Interview Questions , add a comment31)What is the difference between Retesting and Data Driven
Testing?
Retesting means checking the behavior of system for different sets of
inputs. One thing is important that system may behave differently for
different i/p’s. Retesting is a manual procedure to check the system
with different i/p’s If you come for Data Driven Testing also called
DDT in a short form is automation method for testing application for
different i/p’s using win Runner or QTP tool. Finally, In a nutshell
retesting is manual process of testing application with different i/p’s.
Data driven testing means testing the application with different
types of inputs using an automated tool. In DDT we supply inputs
from flat files (note pad), Database, excel sheet…etc.
32)What is test scenario?
The test scenario is the situation prepared by the test team to execute a
test case.
33)What is build duration?
It is a tine gap between old version build and new version build in new
version build some new extra features are added.
34)What are the non functional requirements?
Non- functional requirements are those which are not related to
functionality of the application but related to UI requirements,
Performance of the system, Project Management, Shareware etc.
OR
management people only define non functional requirements relating to
. Standards to be maintained.
. Cost.
. Time.
. UI Interface, OS, Hardware, Additional features.
35)What is the difference between error, bug and defect?
Error -A Fault in the program leads to error in program execution.
Defect-If the error caught by tester then it is called as defect.
Bug - If the defect is accepted by the development people then it
is called as Bug.
Fault—->Error—->Defect—->Bug
Error may be generated due to syntax or symantic fault.
Different types of error are
1. Syntax errors
2. Symantic errors
3. Logical errors
4. Runtime errors…etc
All athe above errors will be occurred during white box testing of the
application/product.
In Black Box testing main defects are
Requirement missing or
Wrongly interpreted requirements,
Misoperation of functionalities…etc.
36)What is the Difference between Stub Testing and Driver
Testing?
Stub testing: In top down approach, a core module is developed.
To test that core module, small dummy modules are used. So stubs
are small dummy modules that test the core module.
Driver testing: In bottom up approach, small modules are developed.
To test them a dummy core module called driver is developed.
37)What is hot fix?
Bug found at the customer place which has high priority.
38)What is the Driver in Integration testing?
In Bottom Up approach, the Child modules are developed first. As
the parent modules are developed, they are integrated with the
Child modules to perform integration Testing. In the process, if
at all any parent module is missing, in order to continue the
integration process, a temporary program (called as DRIVER) is
submitted in the place of parent module.
OR
Basically integration testing can done in two ways Top-down approach
and Bottom up approaching top down approach we can use stubs. In
bottom up approach we can use drivers for integrating the modules.
Using drivers for each new module being tested In integration with
all lower-level modules.
e.g.: we need to integrate 3 A, B, C modules then by using this
approach the lowest-level modules “B” and “C” are tested with
drivers. Next, the higher-level module “A” is tested with a driver
in integration with modules “B” and “C.” Finally, integration could
continue until the top-level module of the program is tested (with
real input data) in integration with the entire program.
39)What is difference between boundary value analysis and
Equivalence partioning?
Boundary value analysis is nothing but to check the max and min
length of the field.
Equivalence partition is nothing but to check the valid and invalid
data of the field.
40)What is testing life cycle please any one explains briefly?
Testing is included in SDLC.
• Preparing the test strategy.
• Preparing the test plan.
• Creating the test environment.
• Writing the test cases.
• Creating test scripts.
• Executing the test scripts.
• Analyzing the results and reporting the bugs.
• Doing regression testing.
• Test exiting.
Testing Interview Questions & Answers-Series5 May 11, 2008
Posted by kiranjoglekar in : General Interview Questions, Manual Testing Interview Questions , add a comment41)what is pareto analysis?
It is an analysis to determine which problem requires more effort.
42)what is meant by spiral model?
Spiracle model is nothing but version by version model that is 1st
version when completed after the hear UAT is done after go to the
next version or build. This is very risk modal according to application
developments companies. The project has so many risks and Client
requirements also be changes continuously in the project.
43)Can any one give the example for high severity high priority
high severity low priority low severity high priority low
severity low priority?
SEVERITY-1. SHOW STOPPER-UNINSTALL THE PRODUCT, DATA
CORRUPTION.
2. HIGH-FUNCTION IS NOT WORKING ACC TO SPEC.
3. MEDIUM-INCORRECT DATA, INCORRECT MESSAGE ERROR.
4. LOW-MISSPELLINGS, INCORRECT GRAMMICTAL.
PRIORITY-1. SHOW STOPPER-IMMEDIATE FIX, VERY VISIBLE.
2. HIGH-MUST FIX BEFORE PRODUCT IS RELEASED.
3. MEDIUM-SHOULD FIX IF TIME PERMITS.
4. LOW-WOULD LIKE FIX BUT CAN RELEASE AS.
44)Difference between Aquaplane class partion and boundary
value analysis?
Equalance partion is a method of black box testing. for e.g. if the
application is accept the values between 10 to 50. we are giving
valid and invalid inputs to the system and check the status.
E.g. inputs valid: 25, 30
Invalid: 9, 60
Boundary value analyses also method of black box testing. In this case
we are taking boundary values for e.g. in above e.g. upper boundary
value is 50, and lower boundary value is 10.
inputs
Upper boundary 49, 51.
Lower boundary 9, 11
On boundary 10, 50
45)What is the diff between Functional and regression testing
and do you execute same test case or write new one for
regression?
In functional test you (black box tester) check the major functionalities
in his modules are working are not in regression test you check the
functionality on the modified built. If there is problem in the some
module you reported the bug to the developer and after he fixing that
issue you do regression testing on the modified built executing the
same test cases depending on the modification done in modules most
of the time you go for new test case but while doing regression testing
you check that the modification done is not effecting any functionality
which was working fine previously.
46)Contents in Tracebility matrix?
A matrix which maps the development stages along with testing issues
is called Traceability Matrix or Test Responsibility Matrix. This can be
developed by the Project Manager.
The matrix is like this. There are 15 testing issues and 5 development
stages.
Testing issues are development/SRS/Designing/coding/System-
Testing/Maintenance
Under testing issues are development the things are like this
Ease of use
Authorization
Access Control
Performance
here the project manager is going to map the testing issues to
development stages.
So the test engineers while conducting testing they have to follow this
TRM which was developed by Project Manager.
47)What is the difference between stress and load testing?
First of all, both testing are used for testing the performance of the
application. More generally we can say that these are the techniques
to perform PERFORMANCE TESTING.
In the LOAD testing we check the application for the volume of users
at the peak level. For example say a application can afford 500 users
at the peak time and this time remains for 5 hrs. then we’ll test the
application with 500 virtual users for 5 hrs. Keep it remember that
the is performed in steps i.e. first we test the application for 5, 10,
50,100, 500 virtual users. And in this way we test.
The application for specified number of users. In the STRESS Testing
we test the application for beyond the specified limit ( number of
users). And check what the Degradations take place before going
to fail, how the system starts behaving.
LOAD and STRESS testing are almost two synonymous terms. The only
difference is that in Load Testing we test for the SPECIFIED LIMIT and
in Stress Testing for BEYOND THE LIMIT.
48)What is the difference between test case and test scenario?
Explain with example?
Test Case is a Step which has to be verified in order to test a Scenario.
Scenario is nothing but a series of test cases in order to verify one
transactional cycle.
Ex: Scenario:
Verifying that a user is able to manage his e-mail inbox Such as view
all messages, send a message, and manage Folders, logout…etc with
a valid user login and password.
Test case:
Is e-mail login page is displaying
Is the user able to login using his login id and password
Is he able to view his inbox?
Is he able to delete unwanted -mails…etc
”But interviewer expects you to give examples related to your previous
job.”
49)What is software development Life Cycle (SDLC)? Where exactly
the Testing activities begin in SDLC?
It is the steps followed to develop the application or software.
Steps are
1. Requirement Analysis
2. Design
3. coding
4. Testing
5. Implementation
6. Maintanance
Testing activity starts from the initial state i.e. from requirement
analysis.
50)What is White Box testing and who is responsible for white
box testing?
Testing the application with the knowledge of the internal structure, it
comes under white box testing. In General Developers are responsible
for white box testing.
